^{14th International Conference on} Clinical Nutrition July 27-29, 2017 Rome, Italy

Animal nutrition focuses on the dietary needs of domesticated animals, primarily those in agriculture and food production. Molecules of carbohydrates and fats consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. Carbohydrates range from simple monosaccharides (glucose, fructose, galactose) to complex polysaccharides (starch). Fats are triglycerides, made of assorted fatty acid monomers bound to glycerol backbone. Some fatty acids, but not all, are essential in the diet: they cannot be synthesized in the body

Malnutrition or malnourishment is a condition that results from eating a diet in which nutrients are either not enough or are too much such that the diet causes health problems. It may involve calories, protein, carbohydrates, vitamins or minerals. Not enough nutrients are called under nutrition or undernourishment while too much is called over nutrition. Malnutrition is often used specifically to refer to under nutrition where there are not enough calories, protein, or micronutrients. If under nutrition occurs during pregnancy, or before two years of age, it may result in permanent problems with physical and mental development. Extreme undernourishment, known as starvation, may have symptoms that include: a short height, thin body, very poor energy levels, and swollen legs and abdomen. People also often get infections and are frequently cold. The symptoms of micronutrient deficiencies depend on the micronutrient that is lacking.

Diabetes Nutrition : With the growing era, the number of diseases is also increasing rapidly in which some are like diabetes, consumers are opting for proper food along with medicines. Everyone can make a change regarding their health by making a small change in their diet, while still enjoying the favorite foods process and taking pleasure from the meals. A diabetes diet is simply a healthy eating plan that is high in nutrients, low in fat, and moderate in calories. Manufacturers are now keen towards Diabetes Nutrition on introducing new low calorie food products with sugar substitutes and less oil, in view of the increasing consumer interest toward healthy eating and help prevent diabetes and its concomitant risk factors.

Parenteral nutrition, also known as intravenous feeding, is a method of getting nutrition into the body through the veins. While it is most commonly referred to as total parenteral nutrition (TPN), some patients need to get only certain types of nutrients intravenously. TPN is mainly given to the patients who lack in taking the nutrition from the food taken. TPN may include a combination of sugar and carbohydrates (for energy), proteins (for muscle strength), lipids (fat), and other sorts like electrolytes, and trace elements. Even though TPN often includes lipids, it will not make you fat. Everyone needs calories, protein, and fat, in addition to other substances, to stay healthy

Nutritional Therapy is the application of nutrition science in the promotion of health, peak performance and individual care. It focusses on the therapeutic approach for dealing with nutritional related disorders and malnutrition.  It deals with Nutrition therapy and benefits, Nutrition and cancer and innovative treatments and Nutrition and Cancer- Clinical Studies. In 2011, the most recent year in which most of the countries reported data, the United States spent 17.7 per cent of its GDP on health care, whereas none of the other countries tracked by the OECD reported spending more than 11.9 per cent. The United States spends $8,508 per person, two and a half times more than the average of $3,322 for OECD countries. America spends about 50 per cent more than Norway, the next largest per capita spender

Sports nutrition supplement is the study and practice of nutrition and diet as it relates to athletic performance. It is concerned with the type and quantity of fluid and food taken by an athlete, and deals with nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, supplements and organic substances such as carbohydrates, proteins and fats. The Sports Dietitian provides individual and group/team nutrition counseling and education to enhance the performance of competitive and recreational athletes, on-site and during travel. Primary responsibilities include counseling individuals and groups on daily nutrition for performance and health; translating the latest scientific evidence into practical sports nutrition.

Current research in nutrition and food sciences of the nutrition meeting focusses on latest researches and related studies in the field of nutrition and food sciences. It deals with nutritional epidemiology and management, nutrition and food insecurity, probiotic nutrition and its safety, novel techniques in food processing, risks and safety regarding consumption of genetically modified foods, nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics,  importance of nutritional sciences in the treatment of cancer patients, nutrition analysis tools and software’s and nootropics

As a result of changes in the way we eat and live, some chronic diseases are increasingly affecting both developed and developing countries. Indeed, diet-related chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, dental disease, and osteoporosis are the most common cause of death in the world and present a great burden for society. Recommendations were made to help prevent death and disability from major nutrition-related chronic diseases. These population nutrient intake and physical activity goals should contribute in the development of regional strategies and national guidelines to reduce the burden of disease related to obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease, several forms of cancer, osteoporosis and dental disease.

Nutritional food and science  and Genetically modified foods or GM foods are foods produced from organisms that have had specific changes introduced into their DNA using the methods of genetic engineering. These techniques allow for the introduction of new traits as well as greater control over traits than previous methods such as selective breeding and mutation breeding.

Commercial sale of genetically modified foods began in 1994, when Cal gene first marketed its FlavrSavr delayed-ripening tomato. Most food modifications have primarily focused on cash crops in high demand by farmers such as soybean, corn, canola, and cotton seed oil. These have been engineered for resistance to pathogens and herbicides and for better nutrient profiles.

A dietary supplement is intended to provide nutrients that may otherwise not be consumed in sufficient quantities. Supplements as generally understood include vitamins, minerals, fiber, fatty acids, or amino acids, among other substances. U.S. authorities define dietary supplements as foods, while elsewhere they may be classified as drugs or other products. There are more than 50,000 dietary supplements available. More than half of the U.S. adult population (53% - 55%) consumes dietary supplements with most common ones being multivitamins.

These products are not intended to prevent or treat any disease and in some circumstances are dangerous, according to the U.S. National Institutes of Health. For those who fail to consume a balanced diet, the agency says that certain supplements "may have value." Most supplements should be avoided, and usually people should not eat micronutrients except people with clearly shown deficiency.

Probiotic Nutrition and Enteral Nutrition have billions of friendly bacteria living in digestive tract. Each person’s bacterial flora may be as unique as fingerprints. Friendly bacteria help in digesting the food and absorb nutrients effectively. In a sense, many components of our food cannot be digested in common— the bacteria digest it. The probiotic bacteria used in commercial products today are largely members of the genera Lactobacillus and bifid bacterium.

Enteral nutrition generally refers to any method of feeding that uses the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to deliver part or all of a person's caloric requirements. It can include a normal oral diet, the use of liquid supplements or delivery of part or all of the daily requirements by use of a tube (tube feeding). The discussion would acquaint you with the complications of enteral feeding, home therapy related to enteral feeding etc.

Food biotechnology and Nutrition research is concerned with Metabolism, bioactivity and potential health benefits of flavonoids, properties and analysis of food allergens, consequences of the variable nutritional content of ethnic and regional foods. Whereas,  nutrition physiology deals with different type of food and their effects on metabolism. One segment of nutrition physiology is vitamin loss of frozen foods and processing’s. Another topic is the calculation of required calories per day and what sort of food should best be avoided for a healthy lifestyle. Dietary intake and nutritional status assessment; multiple dilution, DXA, bio impedance, and other assessment methods for determination of body composition; doubly-labeled water and indirect calorimeter for the determination of energy expenditure. Our Sessions would convey a correlation between the two important aspects.

A balanced diet is one that gives the body, nutrition it needs to function properly. In order to get truly balanced nutrition, the majority of your daily calories should be obtained from fresh fruits and vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins and diet intake. A balanced diet is important because your body’s organs and tissues need proper nutrition to work effectively. Without good nutrition, your body is more prone to disease, infection, fatigue, and poor performance. Children with a poor diet run the risk of growth and developmental problems. Bad eating habits can continue for the rest of their lives. It’s recommended that total daily calorie intake should comprise of:

• Fat - 30-35%

• Protein - 15%

• Carbohydrates - 50-55%

A healthy diet gives energy, supports mood, maintains weight, and keeps looking best. It can also be a huge support through the different stages in life. Healthy food can help reduce PMS, boost fertility, combat stress, make pregnancy and nursing easier, and ease symptoms of menopause. Whatever the age, committing to a healthy diet will help look & feel best so that staying on top of commitments and enjoying life.

Some menopause symptoms are just bothersome, such as hot flashes and dry skin. Other changes related to menopause can lead to long-term women’s health problems, from bone loss to high cholesterol.

Following the optimal menopause diet can help to reduce or even prevent menopause symptoms and protect you from illnesses, such as osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease

Pediatric Nutrition is the most essential requirement for infants and children’s good health and overall development. Pediatric Nutrition deals with nutritional fulfillment in infants and children, ways of prevention, curing and treatment of low weight cases, treatment strategies for preventing malnutrition in children, high risk nutritional disorders, child nutrition and pregnancy nutrition. if seen many of the areas, 6.2% (about 18,000) of live born babies had low birth weights, the lowest figure in a decade. Of these, 1.0% (about 3,000) had very low birth weights and half of these (0.5% or about 1,300) were considered extremely low birth weights. On the other end of the scale, there were 12.0% of live born babies with a high birth weight.

According to the research on pediatric nutrition, the global Baby Food & Pediatric Nutrition Market is estimated be worth USD 38,180.9 million growing with a CAGR of 7.97% during 2007 – 2011 from USD 28,100.0 million in 2007. The market is estimated to be worth USD 41,521.7 million in 2012 and is forecasted to reach USD 63,681.0 million in 2017.

Public health nutrition is a branch of Nutritional sciences that emphasis on the up liftment of good health through nutrition and primary prevention of nutrition related illness in the population.

It deals with various factors like healthy lifestyle promotion, energy balance and weight management, nutritional disorders and counseling programs, effects of social and behavioral factors on nutrition, health policies and implementation, epidemiological studies on nutrition, nutritional quality on consumer health and clinical nutrition and study of ant nutrients. The amplifying product lines in nutrition markets, infant birth rate, an aging population and several other factors are driving sales for clinical nutrition products in most of the regions worldwide.

Adopting a healthy lifestyle is the best way to lower the risk for cardio vascular diseases. It is never too early or too late to begin! The main motto is to change the lifestyle which can also help stop existing CVD from getting worse. The most important factor is to eat healthy as healthy eating helps keep your blood glucose, also called blood sugar, in your target range. Physical activity and, if needed, diabetes medicines also help. The diabetes target range is the blood glucose level suggested by diabetes experts for good health. You can help prevent health problems by keeping your blood glucose levels on target. The key steps to reducing the risk factors for CVD include:

·         Healthy eating or will suffer from eating disorders

·         Regular physical activity (aim for 30 minutes of moderate-intensity activity on most days of the week)

·         Not smoking

·         Maintaining a healthy weight and

·         Limiting alcohol consumption 

Nutrition for good cardiovascular health would be enlightened in better details by Clinical nutritionists and Dietary.

Nutrition plays a major role in the recovery and curing rate of cancer patients. Nutrition and Cancer  clinical studies  has  enlighten the way and have increased its importance of nutrition in cancer recovery.  Clinical nutrition plays an important role in keeping healthy nutrition balance in patients as well as providing other nutrients like proteins, vitamins, carbohydrates in sufficient amount. Importance of nutrition in cancer recovery will be discussed in detail by the clinical nutritionists. It has been estimated that if diet, physical activity and weight management are compounded together, 30% of the cancers could be prevented.

As per the current era, Nutritional disorders can happen just due to less intake of proper food or certain nutrientsor by an incapacity of the body to absorb and utilize nutrients, or by overconsumption of different types of foods”. Nutritional disorders can be particularly serious in any age of an individual, since they interfere with growth and development, and may predispose to many health problems, such as infections and chronic diseases. A metabolic disorder occurs when the metabolism process fails and allows the body to have either too much or too little of the essential substances needed to stay healthy. Our bodies are very sensitive to errors in metabolic activity. The body must have amino acids and many different types of proteins to perform all of its metabolic functions. For example, the brain and other parts of the body need calcium, potassium and sodium to generate electrical impulses, and lipids (fats and oils) to maintain a healthy nervous system.

Metabolic disorders can take many forms, For instance:

·         A missing enzyme or Vitamin that is necessary for an important chemical reaction

·         Abnormal chemical reactions that hinder metabolic processes

·         Disease in the liver, pancreas, endocrine glands or other organs involved in metabolism

The most effectual Nan long-term treatment for an eating disorder is some form of psychotherapy or psychological counseling, coupled with careful attention to health and nutritional needs.  Therefore, this treatment should be applied on the individual and will vary according to both the severities of the disorder and the patient’s particular problems, needs, and strengths.

Nutrition is important to oral health. Antioxidants and other nutrients found in fruits, vegetables, legumes and nuts strengthen immunity and help protect the teeth and gums.

Fiber-rich fruits and vegetables: Foods with fibre stimulate saliva flow, which is a natural defence against cavities. Not only does saliva wash away food particles and clean your mouth, about 20 minutes after you eat something, saliva begins to neutralize the acids attacking your teeth. Opt for crisp fruits and vegetables like apples, carrots and celery.

Weight management is a long-term approach to a healthy lifestyle. It includes a balance of healthy eating and physical exercise to equate energy expenditure and energy intake. Developing healthy eating habits while using tips that will keep us fuller longer can be useful tools in weight management. Knowing what your body needs is important to weight management and can control overconsumption and under consumption of food.

Weight management does not include fad diets that promote quick, temporary weight loss. It focuses on the long-term results that are achieved through slow weight loss, followed by retention of an ideal body weight for age, sex and height.

Rising obesity rates are a major concern in North America. About 60% of Canadians are overweight or obese. Obesity is a risk factor for many chronic diseases such as Type 2 diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Managing one’s weight is one factor in preventing such chronic diseases.