^{8th International Conference on} Clinical Nutrition December 8-10, 2016 Dubai, UAE

Carmina Nina R Salac has completed her degree in Doctor of Medicine in the University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines, in 2011. She has completed her Residency in Pediatrics in University of Santo Tomas Hospital, Manila in 2015. She is currently a Pediatric Junior Consultant in various hospitals in the country.

Overweight and obesity are emerging major problems among children today worldwide. Research on parent feeding styles and practices has begun to provide some clues about the role parents play in the etiology of childhood obesity. Only recently has attention been directed toward the parental feeding styles. Experts have suggested that gestation to early infancy is a critical period in which physiologic changes occur that greatly influence a child's later risk for obesity. The objective of the study is to examine validity and reliability of an instrument translated to Filipino language for characterizing parental feeding practices. Subjects were the parents with toddlers from the University of Santo Tomas Hospital. A focus group discussion was done. The toddler feeding questionnaire was translated to Filipino language. A final questionnaire underwent pretesting and Cronbach’s alpha test. Data analysis was done using Strata SE version 13. Quantitative variables were summarized while qualitative variables were tabulated. Test-retest and Cronbach’s alpha tests were done. A total of 18 parents participated in the study. About 89% of the toddlers had normal weight according to the WHO growth standards (weight for length). All but two items (Q18 and Q33) in the final questionnaire reached significant differences (p<0.05). The overall internal reliability of the questionnaire was acceptable (alpha=0.82). This instrument was found to be valid with acceptable reliability and internal consistency.

Lujain Abdulaziz Almousa has completed her Doctorate in Human Nutrition from College of Food and Agricultural, King Saud University in 2012, Master in General Nutrition in 2007 and Bachelor’s degree in Nutrition and food Science in 2002 from Princess Nora bint Abdul Rahman University, KSA. Presently she is pursuing PhD degree at The University of Nottingham, UK.

Magnesium is required for many physiological reactions. It is a cofactor in many metabolic processes and is essential in the synthesis of DNA and RNA. Magnesium status may impact upon cardiovascular health. Low extracellular magnesium concentrations have a negative impact on endothelial cell proliferation, increase monocyte adhesion, inhibit cell migration and markedly alter endothelial cell gene expression. In this study we investigated whether different concentrations of magnesium sulfate could affect the gene expression for adhesion molecules in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). HUVECs were cultured in different MgSO4 concentrations: 0.1 mM, 5mM and compared to the physiological circulating concentration (1 mM). Total RNA was extracted, followed by cDNA synthesis, in order to determine expression of Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (VCAM1), low magnesium (0.1 mM) significantly up-regulated ICAM (46%, P<0.05) but not VCAM relative to physiological concentration within 24 hours. On treatment of cells with 0.5 ug lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 4 hours to induce an inflammatory response, it was noted that the effect of low magnesium persisted for ICAM and that VCAM was also up-regulated relative to the control. In contrast, the high magnesium concentration reduced the cell adhesion molecule expression (VCAM 74%, ICAM 56%, P<0.05) when cells were incubated with LPS. The present study has demonstrated that low magnesium increases adhesion molecule expression, which induces an overexpression of the inflammatory phenotype in endothelial cells. Additional magnesium suppresses the inflammatory response. The findings of this study support the importance of the nutritional intake of magnesium in maintenance of cardiovascular health.

Reem Majdy Ghabbany has completed her Bachelor’s degree in Clinical Nutrition from Taibah University. Presently she is doing Internship at various hospitals in Medina. She has participated in various health and nutrition campaigns in the last 4 years and participated in organizing the first nutrition conference in Medina. She is interested in participating in nutrition and disease related researches.

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common distortions of the gastrointestinal tract. Recent studies showed that composition of gut microbiota could be associated with the development of colorectal cancer. The purpose of this research is to review the findings of several researches about the role of probiotics in colorectal cancer prevention. Probiotic bacteria are live bacteria that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a healthy benefit on the host. There have been investigations on their anti-tumor effects. Various studies showed the positive effect of probiotics on various gut functions. Several mechanisms could explain the preventive action of probiotics against colorectal cancer onset. They include: modifying gut bacteria, reducing the capacity of fecal water to induce necrosis, inhibition of colon carcinogenesis.

Sreerekha P R has completed her PhD in Nano-Biotechnology from Amrita Viswa Vidyapeetham University, India and currently working as Postdoctoral Research Associate at Biochemistry and Nutrition Division of ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, India. She has more than 12 years of research experience and her current research interests involves identification of marine biomolecules for nutraceutical and cosmeceutical applications, Micro/Nano-encapsulation of biomolecules for nutraceutical applications and Biomodulation of marine biopolymers for application in nutritional and healthcare products. She has more than 15 publications in peer-reviewed reputed international journals and participated and presented research work in national and international conferences.

Gastric ulcer is amongst the most common health issues of global concern and its etiology is due to an imbalance between aggressive and protective factors of the gastric mucosa. Medications commonly used to treat gastric diseases such as antacids and steroids have drastic side effects and often serve to exacerbate the problem. Collagen peptides and hydrolysates are great, natural alternatives to these medications and rather than simply masking symptoms, collagen have the power to prevent and even heal many digestive disorders. In our laboratory an efficient method has been developed for the extraction of high pure acid soluble collagen (ASC) from the airbladder of the fish P. hypophthalmus. The protein content in the purified extract was found to be around 97.8 g protein/100 g extract. The purity of the collagen extract was investigated with amino acid composition and SDS-PAGE profile of standard collagen. A preliminary evaluation on its protective effect against ethanol-HCl induced peptic ulcer in Wistar rats carried out indicated that oral administration of fish collagen (20 mg/kg body weight) for two weeks along with the diet is capable of partially neutralizing ethanol-HCl mediated gastric mucosal lesions. Histopathological evaluation of gastric lesions also confirmed the normal architecture of gastric mucosal layer as compared to that of control group. Significant infiltrations of inflammatory cells and denuded mucosal layer were seen in ulcer induced group. In ulcer induced collagen treated group, partial resistance to denudation of the mucosal layer was observed, which implies collagen supplementation can be an effective therapeutic alternative that provides protective effect against acid induced gastric injury.

Vishnu K V has expertise in microencapsulation of marine lipids and its bioactivity in animal model. He has multiple years of experience in research in the field of biochemistry and molecular biology. He is currently working on stabilization of nutritionally important marine lipids by microencapsulation with polysaccharide-protein complex. He has practical experience in biophysical techniques, fatty acid analysis using gas chromatography, amino acid analysis using ion exchange-HPLC, carotenoids and vitamins by using analytical HPLC and clinical biochemistry.

The effect of sardine oil loaded vanillic acid grafted chitosan microparticles on improvement of metabolic and immune responses in experimental rats and attenuation of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in cardiomyoblast cell lines were assessed. Encapsulation with vanillic acid grafted chitosan (VA-CS) was done to improve stability and impart sustained release of omega-3 rich sardine oil. Characterization of VA-CS was carried out with the help of FTIR spectroscopy and NMR. Sardine oil loaded VA-CS microparticles was fed to 3 groups (n=6) of male albino rats namely Group-I: Control, Group-II: 1% sardine oil loaded microparticles and Group-III: 3% sardine oil loaded microparticles for 60 days to assess metabolic and immune responses. The blood analysis showed an increase of hemoglobin and platelet count in the sample treated group (1%). Lipid profiling showed that both triglycerides and LDL level is decreased in the sample treated group (1%). Antioxidant enzymes were monitored such as catalase, LDH, MDH, GST and GPx. Significant activation of antioxidant defense system was observed in the sample treated group (1%). An increase in IgG was observed in 1% treated sample and is the indication of immunostimulation. Cytoprotective effect was observed in in vitro cytotoxicity assay using H9C2 cardiomyocytes when treated with a sample concentration of 12.5 µg. Results of apoptosis by double fluorescent staining and Caspase-3 evaluation substantiated the above findings. Membrane potential, relative expression of NF-κB by PCR and ROS determination confirmed the protective effect against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. The results revealed that this encapsulated sardine oil may be responsible for a significant cell protection against doxorubicin-induced oxidative stress. In conclusion, improvement of strong metabolic and antioxidant defense system in an animal model is confirmed and it could be the reason behind the positive cardioprotective effect exerted by stable sardine oil.